Metal shears



Nov. 1, 1932. R. 'r. HAZELTON 1,885,438

METAL SHEARS Filed Nov. 29, 1929 ,6 Sheets-Sheet l H R il| l LE mu ,r a *i W a E Q QT? :W- s

(II 5 I v H) E 3\\E "Ii": 0 INVENTOR.

. ATTORNEY.

g x? 1% M Nov 1932i HAZELTON 1,885,438

METAL SHEARS Filed Nov. 29, 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 A TTORNE Y.

Nov. l, 1932 R. T. HAZELTON METAL SHEARS 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 0 4 m m i- I. ag/Ma 47? Q X w m. f, .r v

Filed Nov. 29, 1929 I N V EN TOR.

A TTORNE Y.

1932- R. 'r. HAZELTON! 1,885,438

METAL SHEARS Filed Nov. 29, 1929 e Sheets-Sheet e y I @MYW fla /MA,

. ATTORNEY.

' Patented Nov. 1, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ROBERT '1. H AZELTON, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE CINCINNATI SHAPER COMIANY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO METAL SHEARS Application filed November 29, 1929. Serial No. 410,437.

justability, and in which the several parts are readily available for replacement and repair. In order to apply to the ram of the shear a properly guided movement, and still locate the eccentric shaft below the top of the ram, I have supplied a novel .ram actuating systern whereby a set of pitmen or links are employed, extending from the eccentrics to the top of the ram.

The spring balance for the ram is so applied as to keep the lower end of the ram against the guides on the frame housings, and the links or pitmen are so arranged that the resolution of forces is such as to keep the upper end of the ram against the housing guides.

I provide, in my general combination, for.

ahydraulic hold down, which forms the-basis of an application for patent of November 23, 1929, Serial No. 409,381, and I also provide for a back brace for the ram, which is adjustably held in place, thereby permitting a correction for slight defiections'in the ram, the structure also being the subject of an application for patent of November 29, 1929, Serial No. 410,436.

These two adjuncts of my novel machine have a general application to machine tools other than metal shears, and this is the rea-.

son for the filing of separate applications thereon.

I'accomplish my aforestated objects and other advantages to be noted, by that certain construction and arrangement of' parts ofwhich a typical example will be shown and described, and the novelty thereof duly claimed.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the shearwithout hold downs.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the shear. Figure 3 is a side elevation of the shear.

Figure 4 is a vertical section taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 6.

Figure 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 55 of Figure 4. v

'Figure 6 is a vertical section taken on the line 66 of Figure 4.

Figure 7 is a detail of the pitmen.

Figure 8 .is a detail of the half bearing for the main shaft.

The machine is built in the example shown, of heavy metal plates 1, 1, serving as standards or housings, with an overhead bracing beam-2 of H-section, and with a vertical plate 3 serving as a bed, secured across the lower forward portions of the housings. This bed plate 3 is secured by bolts 3a to thehousings and, in addition, is formed with heavy lugs 36 at its sides which lugs project through holes in the housing plates. I have provided the lugs and the holes with curved engaging surfaces to avoid a localization of shearing strains.

The forward edges of the housings are provided'with bearing surfaces 1a, 1?) for the ram 4, on which ram is the shear blade 5.

Supported on the forward portion of the housing plates and also on the upper edge of the bed plates, is the work table plate 6.

To secure the table to the housings, bolts 7 are employed, having countersunk heads in the plate, and which project into hand holes 8 in the housing plates; where nuts 9 are applied to the bolts. The holes 8a for the bolts are large enough to permit a lateral movement 'of them for a take up on the wear of the shear blade.

Setscrews 10 are inserted laterally intoengagement with the bolts to serve as locks for the boltedattachment to holdthe bolts in position the screws for the inner bolts being available through hand holes 11.

The inner edge of the table is equipped with the shear blade12, which blade is shimmed for its engagement with the upper, edge of the bed plates, as indicated at 13. The shear blade 12,

of the table by means of bolts 14, having nuts 14a available through the table pockets 16a. The holes for the bolts 14 are large so that the bolts may be moved, which will permit of adhorizontal plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of the shear blade. The bolts 17 under tension, provide this mounting, and the bracing system is the subject of my copending application, Serial No. 410,436, hereinabove referred to.

Secured in place on lugs 18 on the housings, which lugs project through clearance holes in the ram, is a channel bar 19 on which are mounted a series of hydraulic hold down mechanisms 20; this hold down mechanism forming the basis of the other of my companion applications noted above, namely, Serial No. 409,381. (See Fig. 4, otherwise hold downs are omitted.)

Angle brackets 21 are secured to the ram and to the brace plate 16, the mounting being adjustable as in the instance of the brace plate.

The operation of the ram is accomplished through the medium of a shaft 22,having eccentrics 23 thereon, said shaft being journalled in the housings and driven by any suitable drive located, as for example, at 24.

Secured over the eccentrics (in the particular instance one at each inner face of the two housings) are large pitmen or links 25;

,in this example, two in number. The links extend upwardly and forwardly to overhang the position of the ram. Each link has a journal 26 which engages a heavy pin 27 The pins 27 have flattened ends 28 where they project at both sides of the journals, and bolts 29 hold these flattened ends down to the top edge of the ram.

In the particular device, the pitmen are provided with clearance apertures 30 for the H-section cross-brace.

The spring counterbalance is provided by means of springs 31 which engage in spring retaining cups 32, bolted to the H-section brace as shown at 32a. Links 33, pivotally engaging the angle brackets 21, also are secured adjustably to rods 34. The rods pass through the spring retainers and springs and terminate inretaining cups 35 which confine the other ends of the springs. The plate 16 and angle members 21, of course, move downwardly with the ram and compress thesprings 31. In operating the machine, which will, as 1n other shears, be provided with a single operation clutch, the operator or a series of operators will place the work on the shear table in position to be sheared along the proper line, and the clutch will then be tripped. The revolution of the driving shaft will rotate the eccentrics one turn and then stop,

which will result in causing the pitmen to move through a single cycle.

Since the application of force to the pitmen is in a vertical plane ofi'sct rearwardly to the line of movement of the shear ram on its housing bearings, the pitmen will pull downwardly on the ram, and exert at the same time an inward movement that keeps the ram against the housings.

The movement of the pitmen will be pre-. ceded by the action of the hold down mechanisms where some type of automatic timing for the hold downs is included in the machine, and theshear blade will pass through the work.

The lower edge of the ram is at all times pulled inwardly and upwardly by the spring balance system; the angle of the spring devices (six in number in this instance) being such as to exactly provide the correct tendency to hold the ram against its lower bearings on the housing faces, during the entire movement of the ram.

The entire operation of the ram is carried out with mechanism located below the top of the ram, and, also, which may be and is preferably located inside of the housing structure of the machine. The fixed shear blade is adjustable up and down, and in and out. The blade is also very strongly braced, both horizontally and vertically, against the forces developed by the action of the movable shear blade.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desired to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a shears the combination with the housings thereof of a shear ram having its movement guided in a defined path, of an operating device for the said ram comprising eccentric means located below the top of the ram and above the level of the bed, and

links operated thereby extending therefrom to the upper portion of the ram.

2. In a shears the combination with the housings thereof of a shear ram having its 7J7 movement guided in a defined path, of an operating device for the said ram comprising eccentric means located below the top of the ram and above the level of the bed,

and links operated thereby extending therefrom to the upperportion of the ram, the connection of the links to the ram being located in the vertical plane of the ram.

3. In a shears the combination with the housings thereof of a shear ram, bearings 3 i on the housings against'which the ram slides in a rectilinear path, and an operating device for the ram comprising eccentric means and links operated thereby, saidlinks connected to the ram, the parts being soarranged ICC . above the lower edge of'the ram.

that the resolution of forces applied to the ram by the links, includes a force pulling the rain against the housing bearings.

4. In a shears the combination with the housings thereof of a shear ram having its movement guided in a defined path, of an operating device for the said ram comprising eccentric means located below the top of,the ram and above the level of the bed, and links operated thereby extending therefrom to the upper portion of the ram, and spring balance devices engaging'the ram and located 5. In a shears the combination with the housings thereof of a shear ram, hearings on the housings against which the ram slides in a rectilinear path, and an operating device for the ram comprising eccentric means and links operated thereby, said links connected to the ram, the parts being so arranged that the, resolution of forces applied to the ram by the links, includes a force pulling the ram against the housing bearings, and spring balance devices engaging the ram and located at'an angle such as to the housing bearings.

6. In a shears the combination with vertically d sposed plates serving as side housings, of a. vertically disposed-bed plate secured between the said housings and constituting a brace, a beam connecting said housing plates near the upper end thereof and constituting a brace, and a table for the work secured to the housings.

'7. In a shears the combination with vertically disposed plates serving as side hous ings, of a vertically disposed bed plate secured between the said housings and constituting a brace, a beam connecting said housing'plates near the upper end thereof and constituting a brace, and a table for the work adj ustably secured to said housings for ad ustment 1n a horizontal plane with rela tion to the bed and housings.

8. In a shears the combination with vertically disposed plates serving as side housings, of a vertically disposed bed plate secured between the said housings and constituting a brace, a beam connecting said housing plates near the upper end thereof and constituting a brace, and a table for the work adjustably secured to said housings for adjustment in a horizontal plane with relation to the bed and housings, and a fixed shear blade mounted on the table and adjustable vertically with relation thereto.

9. In a shears the combination with the side housings, and bed thereof, said housings'having projections for supporting a table, of a 1 table secured to said housing projections and slidable over the top of the bed, and means tor retaining the table adj ustably on the houslII 'S.

IOrIn' a shears the combination with the side housings, and bed thereof, said hous pull theram against and means for retaining the table adjustably g on the houslngs comprising bolts extendlng upwardly from holes in the housings and into the table, said housings having bolt holes larger than the bolts, and set screws to retain the bolts in adjusted position within said holes, thus providing fol-lateral adjustment of the said table.

11. A spring balance for a shear ram comprising a support, a series of spring retaining elements along the saidsiipport, links connected to the ram, springs located on the retaining elements, said links passing through the retaining elements and springs, and spring retaining elements on theends of the links.

12. A spring balance for a shear ram comprising a support, a series of spring retaining elements along the said support, links connected to the ram, springs located on the retaining elements, said links passing through the retaining elements and springs, and

spring retaining elements on the ends of the links, said retaining-elements on the support arranged to hold the springs at an angle to the vertical, and the links being connected to the lower described. i r

13. In a shears the combination with vertically disposed plates serving as side housings, of a vertically disposed bed plat-e secured between the said housings and constituting a brace, a beam connecting said housing plates near the upper end thereof and constituting a brace, and a table for the work secured to the housings, and a hold down mounting plate secured to the housings and extending across between the same, said plate constituting a further brace.

14-. In a shears the combination with vertically disposed plates serving as side housings,'of a vertically disposed bed plate secured between the said housings and constituting a brace, a beam connecting said housing plates near the upper end thereof and constituting a brace, and a table for the work secured to the housings, and a hold down mounting plate secured to the housings and extending across between the same,said plate constituting a further brace, a ram engaging the faces of the housings and having clearance holes, said housings having lugs extending through said holes, to which lugs the hold down mounting is secured.

portion of the ram, for the purpose 16. In a shears the combination with a ram and housings having vertical guide faces for the ram, operating devices forthe ram displaced horizontally from said guide faces in directions at substantially right angles thereto, and operative connections from the respective operating devices to said ram, whereby said operating devices hold the ram against said guide faces while operating the ram along the guide faces.

ROBERT T. HAZELTON. 

